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A History of Britain I VHS set and Book I

GREENWICH


Greenwich - London's Nautical Heritage  Overlooking the Queen's House and National Maritime Museum from Greenwich Park. The Cutty Sark, Royal Observatory, Prime Meridian Clock and Greenwich Time-Ball are also located in Greenwich.

Greenwich lies on the south bank of the Thames, approximately five miles to the east of central London. Rich in maritime history and with an outstanding architectural heritage, Greenwich's more traditional attractions include many buildings designed by well-known English architects, including the Royal Naval College, the National Maritime Museum and the Old Royal Observatory situated in Greenwich Park, built by Sir Christopher Wren for King Charles II. At the Observatory, visitors can stand astride longitude zero with one foot in the eastern and the other in the western hemisphere.
Approaching Greenwich pier by pleasure boat on the river Thames.


Greenwich Park

Where the Thames reflects the crowded sail, Commercial care and busy toil prevail. Whose murky veil, aspiring to the skies, Obscures thy beauty, and thy form denies, Save where thy spires pierce thro the doubtful air, As gleams of hope amidst a world of care.

The above poem is an inscription on the painting "London from Greenwich Park (1809)",
by J.M.W. Turner (1775-1851), hanging in the Tate Gallery, London.

Greenwich Park: King William Walk, Greenwich. Open daily all year round from dawn to dusk. London’s oldest Royal Park, was once the hunting ground for King Henry VIII. Landscaped by André le Notre, who designed the gardens of the Palace of Versailles. The Old Royal Observatory is also located in the park. HOW TO GET THERE
Statue of General Wolfe, Greenwich Park Major-General James Wolfe (1727-1759)

In Greenwich Park, next to the Observatory, is a bronze statue of Wolfe by Robert Tait McKenzie looking out over London. The statue was erected in 1930 and bears the inscription "This monument, a gift of the Canadian people, was unveiled by the Marquis de Montcalm". The statue was hit by a V1 bomb during the last war; the base still bears the scars.
General James Wolfe won a tremendous victory at the battle of Quebec in 1759. His success allowed the British Empire to seize Montreal and complete the conquest of Canada.  During the battle, General Wolfe found himself outmatched by the French Commander's superior numbers and desperately sought an advantage over his adversary. He finally discovered a narrow cove at the cliff base only 1.5 miles west of Quebec. At nightfall on September 12, he led a line of darkened boats into what would be forever called Wolfe's cove. As the dawn broke over the cliffs, the British army attacked with double loaded muskets, completely decimating the French. Armed with only a cane, Wolfe strolled along the ranks smiling and joking with his men when he was stricken with a fatal wound and perished on the field.

The Royal Observatory

The Royal Observatory was founded on 22 June 1675 by King Charles II, and was built specifically to do work which would help to solve the problem of finding longitude - one's exact position east and west - while at sea and out of sight of land. Charles II appointed John Flamsteed as his first Astronomer Royal in March 1675. The 28-year old clergyman was instructed 'to apply himself with the most exact care and diligence to the rectifying the tables of the motions of the heavens, and the places of the fixed stars, so as to find out the so much-desired longitude of places for the perfecting the art of navigation.' Longitude was then impossible to calculate at sea and Flamsteed began his observations to solve the longitude problem once and for all.